The distributive property of multiplication states that when a number is multiplied by the sum of two numbers, the first can be distributed to both of those and multiplied by each separately, then adding the two products together.
First, we "break-up" one of the factors to make it easier for 3rd-graders to multiply. If a student is given the multiplication sentence 8 × 16, it is much easier for the student to "break up" the factor 16.
For example:
8 × (10 + 6)
Next, the student will distribute the 8 to the addends and write a new equation.
(8 × 10) + (8 × 6)
Last, solve the equation.
80 + 48 = 128
As you can see, "breaking-up" the factor 16 and distributing the 8 to each addend made the problem much easier to solve. A student does not necessarily have to break 16 up into 10 and 6, but it most cases it is the logical way.
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