Simplifying Fractions: How to Write Fractions in Simplest Form

Learning how to simplify fractions is an essential skill for upper elementary students. Simplifying fractions—also called writing fractions in simplest form - helps students better understand fraction values and prepares them for adding, subtracting, and multiplying fractions.

In this post, we’ll explain what it means to simplify fractions, why it matters, and how to do it step by step in a clear, student-friendly way.

What Does It Mean to Simplify Fractions?

A fraction is in simplest form when the numerator and denominator have no common factors other than 1.

Notice, simplifying does not change the value of the fraction - it just rewrites it in a cleaner, easier-to-read form.

Example:

Both fractions represent the same amount, but 3/4 is simpler.

Why Simplifying Fractions Is Important

Students simplify fractions to:

• Make fractions easier to understand
• Compare fractions more easily
• Prepare for adding and subtracting fractions
• Keep numbers manageable when multiplying fractions

Simplifying is a skill students will use repeatedly throughout fraction work.

Step 1: Find Common Factors

To simplify a fraction, students must find a number that divides evenly into both the numerator and denominator.

These numbers are called common factors.

Example:

Common factors of 12 and 16 include 2 and 4.

Step 2: Divide the Numerator and Denominator

Divide both the numerator and denominator by the same common factor.

Example (divide by 4):

The value of the fraction stays the same, but the numbers are smaller.

Step 3: Check if the Fraction Is Fully Simplified

A fraction is in simplest form when there are no more common factors besides 1.

3/4 cannot be simplified further, so it is in simplest form.

Simplifying Fractions Using Equivalent Fractions

Notice how simplifying fractions is closely related to equivalent fractions. Each time you divide the numerator and denominator by the same number, you create an equivalent fraction.

This means simplifying is really about finding the most efficient equivalent fraction.

Using Visual Models to Simplify

Visual models help students understand why simplifying works.

For example, shading 6/8 of a model looks the same as shading 3/4. Seeing this connection strengthens fraction sense.

Common Mistakes Students Make

• Dividing only the numerator or denominator
• Thinking simplifying changes the value
• Stopping before the fraction is fully simplified

Addressing these mistakes early builds confidence.

Teaching Tips for Simplifying Fractions

• Review factors and multiplication facts before simplifying
• Encourage students to look for larger common factors first
• Use visual models to reinforce understanding
• Connect simplifying to equivalent fractions and fraction operations

How Simplifying Fractions Supports Other Fraction Skills

Simplifying fractions helps students:

• Add and subtract fractions more efficiently
• Multiply fractions with smaller numbers
• Recognize equivalent fractions
• Compare fraction values accurately

This skill is a key building block for fraction mastery.

Raven's Thoughts

Simplifying fractions helps students focus on understanding fraction values instead of working with unnecessarily large numbers. By finding common factors and dividing both parts of the fraction, students can confidently write fractions in simplest form.

This foundational skill supports nearly every fraction operation students will encounter.

Now make math fun!